Title
Development and hemostatic evaluation of oxidized regenerated cellulose dialdehyde crosslinked chitosan particles
Authors
OĞUZ SOGUT and UMRAN AYDEMIR SEZER

Received March 25, 2026
Published Volume 60 Issue 5-6 May-June
Keywords hemostasis, oxidized regenerated cellulose dialdehyde, chitosan, hemostatic agents, excessive hemorrhage

Abstract
Excessive hemorrhage poses a significant risk, necessitating the development of effective hemostatic agents. However, commercially available products often suffer from poor biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study presented a composite particle material combining water-soluble oxidized regenerated cellulose dialdehyde (ORCdial) and chitosan to enhance hemostatic efficacy and biocompatibility. It was hypothesized that ORCdial formed a gel upon blood contact, while chitosan interacted with the coagulation cascade, making them promising candidates for hemostasis. Particles were synthesized by blending ORCdial and chitosan, lyophilizing, neutralizing, and milling the mixture into particles. Crosslinking was confirmed by FTIR (C=N band at ~1640–1655 cm⁻¹) and solid-state ¹³C CP/MAS NMR (imine carbon at ~165–170 ppm). Their physicochemical properties and hemostatic performance were evaluated in vitro. In vitro studies demonstrated that ORCdial-chitosan composites significantly improved clotting efficiency and cell compatibility compared to the commercial hemostatic agent Celox®, with performance varying based on ORCdial content. In conclusion, this study presented a novel, biocompatible, and effective hemostatic material with promising in vitro hemostatic performance, offering a potential candidate for further pre-clinical investigation in hemorrhage control.