Title
Synthesis and characterization of novel highly swellable antimicrobial starch hydrogels impregnated with ZnO nanoparticles as edible food coating
Authors
NAHED A. ABD EL-GHANY, NADIA A. MOHAMED and ZAIN M. MAHMOUD

Received April 14, 2025
Published Volume 59 Issue 7-8 July-August
Keywords starch, hydrogels, ZnONPs, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, green peppers preservation, cytotoxicity

Abstract
The growing resistance of microbes towards conventional antibiotics is the driving force for finding out alternative antimicrobial agents that can work by mechanisms different from that of classical antibiotics. For this, in this study, new cross‑linked St‑g‑PMPA/PCL hydrogels were prepared via chemical grafting/crosslinking of starch (St) with N-(4 methoxyphenyl)acrylamide (MPA) and different concentrations (3, 5, 10% based on St mass) of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (CL) using (NH4)2S2O8/NaHSO3 as a redox initiator. This was followed by the impregnation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) at 1 and 3 wt% ratios into St‑g‑PMPA/PCL-3%, getting St-g PMPA/PCL-3%/ZnONPs-1% and St-g-PMPA/PCL-3%/ZnONPs-3% composites, respectively. Various analytical techniques were employed to confirm the chemical structures of the prepared hydrogels and composites. Their inhibition performance against the tested microbes can be ordered as follows: St-g-PMPA/PCL-3%/ZnONPs-3% > St g-PMPA/PCL-3%/ZnONPs-1% > St-g-PMPA/PCL-3% > St-g-PMPA, whereas the virgin St did not show antimicrobial action. The St-g-PMPA/PCL-3%/ZnONPs-3% composite behaves as a good barrier for the coated green bell peppers, preserving them from microbial contamination and retarding their spoilage, in comparison with uncoated peppers. The material was found to be safe for normal human lung fibroblast cells. The incorporation of MPA, CL, and ZnONPs into St developed its microbial inhibition performance, providing a good approach to produce promising antimicrobial coating materials.